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Atrial septal defect is a disease that begins at birth and is congenital. The oxygenated blood moves and mixes to the right side due to a septum defect. It is a congenital heart defect characterized by an abnormal opening in the atrial septum, which is the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart (atria). The exact cause of ASD is often unknown, but there are several factors that may contribute to its development. There are diverse causes of atrial septal defect in a child. ASD can be caused by certain genetic abnormalities or chromosomal disorders, such as Down syndrome or Holt-Oram syndrome. These genetic factors can influence the development of the heart structures during fetal development, including the formation of the atrial septum. On the other hand, exposure to certain environmental factors during pregnancy may increase the risk of developing ASD. Maternal smoking, alcohol consumption or certain medications taken during pregnancy have been associated with a higher incidence of congenital heart defects, including atrial septal defect. Certain maternal medical conditions, such as poorly controlled diabetes or rubella infection during pregnancy, have been linked to an increased risk of atrial septal defect in the baby. Problems during fetal development can also contribute to the development of ASD. If the tissues that make up the atrial septum do not grow or fuse properly during early pregnancy, it can result in an abnormal opening. Sometimes, the presence of other heart defects can lead to the development of atrial septal defect in a baby. The defect can be treated for up to one and a half years if its size is less than 3 millimeters. After that, the defect must be surgically closed. It is responsible for 50% of heart defects that are present at birth. It is important to treat this condition promptly and effectively so that the babies can lead healthier and proper lives. Dr. Deepali Jaybhaye, pediatrician from Aurangabad, Maharashtra discusses atrial septal defect in babies.